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History / Compare

Month 12, day 2—then New Year’s Day. Where did the missing dates go?

The second day of the twelfth month of Meiji 5 in the old calendar and January 1 of Meiji 6 in the new calendar were consecutive days. Expressed in the Gregorian calendar, they are December 31, 1872, and January 1, 1873. What changed abruptly was the way dates were assigned, not the passage of time.

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History / Compare

When all of Japan says noon, why doesn't the Sun?

12:00 in Japan Standard Time, 12:00 in local mean solar time, and the actual Sun's meridian transit use different references. One degree of longitude corresponds to 4 minutes; the actual transit also depends on the equation of time, which changes with the date.

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Technology / Compare

Why does enlarging A4 to A3 take 141%, not 200%?

Enlarging A4 to A3 doubles the area and ideally multiplies the side lengths by √2. The 141% setting, paper dimensions expressed in whole millimeters, and ideal geometric similarity each have different levels of precision and different roles.

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Technology / Compare

Two short beeps. Change the gap, and the letters change.

In International Morse code, gaps carry information along with dots and dashes. With one dot as 1 unit, the gap within a character is 1 unit, between characters 3 units, and between words 7 units. Read the full length of each gap on the same time scale.

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Living things / Compare

Did humanity evolve along a single path?

Human history is not a staircase leading in one line to people today. Changes in bodies, branching and interacting populations, technologies and movement are reconstructed by combining fossils, artifacts, DNA and dating evidence.

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History / Compare

Why did people start growing their food?

Cultivation, domestication, storage and settlement changed at different rates and in different combinations across regions. More food production alone cannot tell us whether lives improved or what kind of society would follow.

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History / Compare

What did cities record in writing?

Cities, states and writing interacted without emerging in one universal combination. Comparing what records reveal and whose voices they omit helps us understand civilizations without ranking them on a single ladder.

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